The Frugivore Diet

No kill flea treatment

2015-09-14T06:20:05.000Z

If I understand correctly the fleas on my pets are sentient beings. Just as 30bad.com is against the killing of bees and exploiting them for honey, I assume the same holds for other insects.

Being a no-kill zone I'm having trouble with the idea of fleas on my dog. What do I do? So far I've picking them off with my bare fingers and chucking them outside. I also air out my companion animal's bedding often. I try to keep the house real clean. Though I feel bad about airing out the bedding since the ultra violet light will kill many of the flea larvae.

It seems hippopotamus for me not to kill chickens, but then turn around and deliberately kill the sentient beings know as flea larvae.

Any thoughts?

http://www.30bananasaday.com/notes/Animal_Sanctuary_and_30BaD_No_Kill_Zone!

Transitioning pets to a vegan diet

2015-08-20T15:45:27.000Z

My family and I became vegans three months ago and are totally loving this lifestyle. We have two dogs that we really want to become vegan and need tips on helping them transition. We have been feeding them a vegan dry dog food which they love, and giving them raw meat twice a day. We have tried giving them vegan canned dog food but they didn't really go for it. Any suggestions are welcome. Thanks!

Whole Food Vegan Diet for Dog

2015-03-03T14:25:05.000Z

Does anyone have any good links or resources or experience with feeding their pet a whole food vegan diet? Where I live in Mexico there are no prepackaged vegan pet foods, but I have access to lots of fresh fruit and veggies and whole grains. I want to make sure my girl gets enough calories and no idea how to customize to suit her nutritional requirements. Any ideas, thanks. I have a black lab.

Vegan dog with cancer - please help

2014-11-15T05:10:22.000Z

Hi everyone

My Labrador (13 years old), has just been diagnosed with a secondary tumour on her spine which has completely paralysed her hind legs. Treatment will be a painful process and might only prolong her life with a couple of months, so I’m not going to go there, or look for the other tumours at this stage.

I must admit I knew she was getting old and that something was bound to give, but I thought a vegan diet would pretty much protect her against cancer.

My plan is to just make her as comfortable as I can at home, to look after her as well as I can and to love her until the symptoms become unbearable. Which sadly seems to be happening much quicker than I though it would …

Any advice regarding natural cancer support / cancer comfort treatment will be much appreciated, especially food ideas. At this stage she cannot keep anything down and drinks only a few sips of water a day. This is obviously not sustainable. All that I find when I search for food ideas for dogs with cancer on the net, are hundreds of articles explaining how carbs feed cancer cells. Ugh.

Thank you!

Evolution Vegan Pet Food is being bullied — can anyone help?

2014-10-12T15:53:00.000Z

Hi everyone! We've been recently transitioning our 2 year old cat to a 100% vegan diet using Evolution Kibble. We're at 50% now! And it's going great!

We've tried all sorts of other brands, but this is the only one he's taken too. I'm SO grateful — as I was worried that our little picky guy wouldn't ever make the switch — so I went on Evolution's Facebook to thank them and post a positive review. I was shocked by the negative reviews from people who admitted they had never even tried the product. There are SO many negative posts that they actually outweigh the positive ones! :(

(And YES, I actually read through them all!)

A sample "1 star review" a.k.a NOT A REAL REVIEW towards Evolution:

I'm surprised this company is still running, with their horrible products (Dogs, cats, and ferrets can not live long, healthy lives on a only vegan diet) and absolutely disgusting responses to people that have concerns with their products. Terrible business practice and a danger to animals, this company is a "ugly disgusting piece of animal killing scum."

Evolution also admits that they are seriously considering ceasing their Vegan Ferret product simply because of all the negative criticism! :(

So to all my fellow vegans, I'm wondering if we can help them out? While Evolution does have very positive reviews elsewhere online, it's hard to compete with the impact of Facebook (positive or negative). If ANYONE has tried Evolution Pet food and had a positive experience, I know they would really appreciate a positive review from you!!

FYI, I do not work for them. I just hate seeing an ethical vegan company bullied like this :(

Here's the Facebook link if anyone is interested!

https://www.facebook.com/pages/Evolution-Diet-Pet-Food-Corp/285926380083

Thank you for your time!!

EvoCatKibPasta-2.jpg

I want to grow tropical oil palm fruits for vegan pet food production in Australia.

2014-09-22T01:31:02.000Z

I have data on special high protein fruits too, I just need a partner to come to Australia to help me grow vegan-organic farm in Australia of special fruits and oil palm fruits and avocados for production of oily pet food.

My website is www.tropical.farm

My phone number is 0427493954 in Australia.

To supplement or not to supplement?

2014-08-02T02:06:50.000Z

Hello,

I have a 11 pound, 9 month old, chihuahua/dachshund mix. I have had her for 2 months and switched her to vegan immediately. I first tried Natures Balance vegan kibble, I thought it'd be an easier switch, but she would not eat it. So I have been feeding her cooked vegan- legumes, root starches, non-gluten grains, vegetables, some oils, flax seed, some fruits for snacks...

Her health is good, my only concern is she is always looking for stuff to eat outside. Poop, dead mice, snail shells... though she pretty much did this from the get go so it could be completely unrelated.

What do you think, should one add a supplement to a vegan dogs diet? Opinions and evidence please. Thank you!

Animal Vegan Food Reviews

2014-06-18T19:19:49.000Z

I'm highly annoyed we cannot get a real gauge of food by reviews because ignorant people keep spamming the reviews sections.

Evolution:

The cats do not seem crazy about the taste, but taste is not the hard part, finding a digestible fully nutritionally adequate food is.

This is about two weeks on evolution.

My male cat has lost weight eating evolution, when he was already skinny, I'm not sure if it's because he's refusing to eat enough of it or if its just the food itself.

The fat *is* on the low scale.
I'll be adding more fat to entice him.

As for my ferrets, they dig it, but evolution according to outside sources for ferret nutrition, is not completely adequate. To compensate the low fat and low protein (by ferret standards at least) I add coconut oil and green mush which they are very attracted to. The female seems a little thin, but apparently this is common for some body types? Maybe she was always this weight? The male ferret seems to have actually gained weight. Keeping a careful eye on them.

For cats (or whatever) who are not found of the taste you can use these measures:
Nutritional Yeast
Spirulina (which Green Mush has)
Oils, coconut oil is best
Vegan cheeses
Veganaise (note that these have lots of oil..AND THEREFORE DELICIOUS)

What about taurine in cats?

2014-01-10T16:26:17.000Z

I've read the only source of taurin that is necesary for cats is animal products.

Also they need certain vitamin D (not D2 found in vegetables) but D3 found in meat

Anybody knows anything about this? i would love to make my cat vegan but i honestly need help !
Also, sometimes i think that fisiologicaly speaking, its totally natural for them to eat animal products.

I would love if someone tells me im totally wrong, because i dont think its good to be part of the suffering of all the animals in the meat industry, but i think its not natural either to suplement.

How do I keep my dog's pH acidic? - Also calcium question.

2013-12-29T04:39:11.000Z

I've just started cooking for my dog and immediately his pH turned alkaline. It was perfect before on his meat-based kibble. I've been cooking him a combination of beans/lentils/squash as the base. I'm concerned about urinary problems if I can't fix it.
I'm waiting for my supply of vege-dog to arrive. Is this going to solve that problem once I start adding that? What can I do in the mean time to try and keep him acidic?? I read that cranberries, garbanzo beans, lentils, peas, brussell sprouts, asparagus can help with acidity. Does anyone have experience and know if any of those will really help??

Also, will vege-dog keep his calcium:phosphorus:magnesium levels proper? Does anyone have a specific calcium supplement they can recommend in the mean time?

I had his blood tested before I switched him..and everything was absolutely perfect. I'm pretty worried about messing him up..

Please help!! Thanks so much in advance

My dog is lame

2013-07-27T13:11:54.000Z

My dog is very lame and he has been to vets. Could be arthritis. I am in the process of transitioning him to a raw vegan lifestyle but what can I do in the mean time please? He is on glucosamine and the vet recommended cod liver oil.

Who here has vegan cat and what is your experience?

2013-07-25T22:51:55.000Z

I was looking on the vegan cat website. Which vegan cat food do you use? Do you use recipes or just use pre-made food? I'm not sure if the Amicat stuff or Evolution stuff or some other stuff is better? I'm just wondering what others people experiences has been. Also are there any human vegan foods that cats can eat and enjoy?

Does my chihuahua have food intolerance to vegan dog food?

2013-07-25T07:19:28.000Z

Hey there!

I'm having a tough time and I wanted to ask you guys something before I take my dog to the (nonveganfriendly) vet.

I just switched my 11 year old chihuahua to a 100% vegan diet about a month and a half ago. She's always had veggies and carbs in her diet with her Eukanuba pet food like pumpkin, brown rice, and certain veggies. Since I am now able to have my baby all to myself I finally switched her over to an all vegan diet with Vegedog and Natural Balance dry and wet food.

I started feeding her pumpkin mixed with her eukanuba until it ran out and then I made her a lentil recipe with the vegedog mix and brewers yeast and she seemed to like it for a little bit. Then I started feeding her green smoothies in the morning before her breakfast every now and then to help clear up her mild forming cataracts. She seemed to like the smoothie but wasn't super excited for it. I finally gave her some dry Natural Balance food and she ate it all up. I got the sense that she was needing some dry food since she was super excited about and she never likes her dry dog food.

I was initially so happy I found a dry food she could eat! However, she stopped eating it a few days later because the kibble is way bigger than her old small breed kibble and she was having a hard time eating it. So I dumped it and made her oats instead with avocado, brewers yeast, and vegedog. It gave her a TERRIBLE bloaty gas feeling for a few hours. I don't know if it was the avocado, or if she ate too much but her stomach was making the worst gassy noises and her stomach was super bloated (it wasn't "Bloat" I called a vet to ask).

So I cut out avocado. THEN, I started making veggie soup mixes to add to the dry kibble at night, and in the morning make her oatmeal with some fruit or peanut butter with the vegedog mix. That worked for a good week and she liked it a lot.

But then tonight, I came home and she didn't eat her Natural Balance, I mixed it with water and a little green smoothie to soften it and she did not eat any of it. She just drank water and she didn't even want any peanut butter or a piece of my yves veggie dog. Now she is bloaty and gassy again and she didn't even eat anything.

WHAT'S GOING ON?? The vet on the phone told me she just ate too fast the last time I called, but this time she didn't eat at all and has no appetite and still has bloating and gas, she's not panting but just lays down since she's all bloated.

I really don't want to feed her non-vegan eukanuba again because of ethics and the cataract issue, but I also found out that carbs are a poor source of protein since they need more amino acids than humans and carbs also do not digest well for them. I saw natural balance has a lot of grain and not all the amino acids, so I am concerned the vegan diet is not giving her what she needs... do I need to buy additional enzymes???

I'm going to try just plain oatmeal with vegedog and see how that goes for a while and maybe mashed carrots or pumpkin with vegedog at night. Please let me know your thoughts if you have had a similar experience or know more about these things than I do. I know I wrote a lot but I know when trying to figure something out every little thing is important.

PLEASE HELP!

Source: http://www.petmd.com/dog/nutrition/evr_dg_contrasting_grain_based_and_meat_based_diets#.UfDR2oWQ3ud

Is raw carob okay for a cat to snack on?

2013-07-02T16:17:58.000Z

Hi everyone,

my boyfriend bought carob for the first time and has fallen in love with it, as has our cat, as he gave her a few pieces, which she happily gobbled up.

I DO know that carob is not a drug like that nasty "crackau". Nevertheless I do want to know if carob is an appropriate snack for cats. Our cat is not raw, but she is vegan (she eats Amicat and another snack she eats is chickpeas mixed with tomato paste and nutritional yeast paste with olive). Now she's fallen in love with carob, but before she snacks on it again, I do want to know if it's appropriate.

Many thanks in advance!

Addicted to commercial dog food?

2013-06-19T15:03:30.000Z

We are trying to switch our 3 years old labrador to a vegan diet. He used to eat "Nature Diet", a commercial standard dog food that is a bit more expensive and promises "quality".

Currently we are trying to feed him Yarrah Organic Vegetarian Dog Food (basically dry kibbles) and food I cook for him (chickpeas, rice, veggies etc). I would not mind cooking for him on a regular base.

He used to not be picky about food at all. He liked vegetables, some fruits, getting food rests etc. The weird thing about him now is though that he does not consider anything but "Nature Diet" food.

The problem:

Even after a day of refusing his food, he won't eat anything we give him unless we add some of that Nature Diet junk, even if only 2 table spoons of it.

Is it possible that commercial dog food has additives that make dog addicted up to the point where they refuse other food?

Does anybody have some suggestions how to get him to like normal food again? I would love to sometimes feed him zucchini or so as a treat!

Can lions, tigers, snakes, crocodiles, etc., be vegan?

2013-03-21T03:29:03.000Z

So if you were confronted with the issue of rescuing a large and exotic obligate carnivore and keeping it in your sanctuary, how would you go about feeding it in line with vegan ethics? Would producing food for it be principally the same as producing food for domestic cats? As long as the nutrients and protein ratio is exact would it be acceptable and practical to feed to feed tigers, crocodiles or even scorpions and tarantulas vegan diets?

Raw vegan cats, is it possible?

2013-03-21T03:13:53.000Z

Increasingly more and more people are becoming aware that you can feed a dog a raw vegan diet identical to one that is best for humans and their health thrives. But what about raw vegan cats? Throughout history dogs have been known to live off the high carbohydrate, low protein diets of various tribes and peoples around the world. Cats have been fed similar things but are generally considered to have got the essential taurine from hunting rodents and insects. But if they got most of their calories from the high carbohydrate, low protein food then how much protein does a cat really need?

Clearly we know cats like all beings have no need for cooked food but if you were to put one on a raw vegan diet how much would it have to be adulterated to include protein and essential nutrients not found in plant based foods?

*edit

I meant to post this Tim Van Orden video in the original post which deals with the relationship between protein and amino acids.

So would this mean cats don't need protein, just amino acids? How would they be put into their diet?

Canine distemper! A dietary change could help?

2013-03-15T09:58:32.000Z

Hello!
I adopted a puppy and was diagnosed with distemper. It has six months and will now start treatment with serum, antibiotics, and immunostimulants. She is very thin and has no appetite.
I thought of many possibilities of diet, but as she is so weak, I have some fear of further compromise your health.
What do you think? The diet can help to recover my puppy? What is the most appropriate?

Thank you very much

Herbivorous "omnivores"

2013-03-12T03:13:48.000Z

It's not all about cats and dogs, what about the animals awesomely suited to a raw vegan lifestyle?
I have a pig, and I have rats, both species do so well on a raw vegan diet, albeit they are made of two different things!
Hey. Can we have a page for herbivorous omnivores, like, parrots, pigs, rats, degus, rabbits etc? That would be awesome.

Cruel Products (& Companies that test on ANIMALS)

2013-01-12T05:27:13.000Z

PLEASE CHECK OUT MY BLOG @ VEGANS LIVING OFF THE LAND. Original blog post:
Cruel Products (& Companies that test on ANIMALS)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Advertisements are so deceitful, as they tactfully prey on our unhappiness and insecurities. All along, these same subliminal messages make us feel unfulfilled, in the first place. From the time you wake, you're bombarded with fast food commercials telling you their meals will help you lose weight (or at least satisfy your hunger until 10am.) Then by noon, you have already seen 10 different TV commercials, magazine ads, website ads, or news articles begging you to buy weight loss pills, exercise DVDs, and a month supply of pre-packaged meals to lose weight. Then, when you come home from your stressful job, and bills piling up on your kitchen table, you skirmish through TV channels, just to come across advertisements for depression pills, boner pills, and anti-aging creams. On top of that, women are targeted in TV commercials for cleaning products (which are toxic, unsafe to ingest, and MUST be avoided by kids.)

With that being said, and all that aside, women and MEN are equally pressured into gender expectations; but We should try to be more critical of the products and companies that are targeting us, in the media. We do NOT want to be fooled by companies that are marketing off of our vulnerability. Not only that, we should not EXPLOIT ANIMALS WHILE DOING IT. Women should be especially critical of beauty companies that use animals to test their products as well as contain animal by-product. It's very easy to search if a company is cruelty-free, but I have taken some of the hard work out of that process, by providing you with a list of companies I found that TEST ON ANIMALS.

Companies That Do Test on Animals (& Their SUBSIDIARIES)

Johnson & Johnson (Acuvue, Ambi, Aveeno, Band-Aid, Carefree, Clean & Clear, K.Y., Listerine, Lubriderm, Neutrogena, Purell, ROC, Rogaine, Skin ID, )

Reckitt Benckiser (Air Wick, Clearasil, Resolve, Rid-X, Spray 'n Wash, Veet, Woolite)

Revlon (Almay)

Procter & Gamble (Always, Aussie, Christina Aguilera Perfumes, Clairol, Crest, DOLCE & GABBANA, Downy, Febreze, Gillette Co., Head and Shoulders, Herbal Essences, GUCCI fragrances, Iams, Lacoste Fragrances, OLAY, Nice 'n Easy, Pampers, PANTENE, Puffs, SCOPE, SECRET, SK-II, Tide, Vicks, Vidal Sasson, ZEST)

GlaxoSmithKline (Aquafresh, Sensodyne)

Church&Dwight (Arm & Hammer, Close-up, Kaboom, Nair, OxiClean)

Clorox (Armor All, Ever Clean, Formula 409, Fresh Step, Glad, Green Works, Pine-Sol, Scoop Away, S.O.S.)

Avon Products, Inc.

Unilever (Axe, Dove, Lux, Ponds, Signal, Suave, Sunsilk, Vaseline)

Bic Corporation

Estée Lauder (American Beauty, Aramis, Bobbi Brown, Bumble and Bumble, Clinique, Coach, Donna Karan, M.A.C., Tommy Hilfiger)

L'Oreal (Biothern, Cacharel, Garnier, Giorgio Armani, Lancôme, Maybelline, Raulph Lauren fragrances, Redken, SoftSheen)

Pfizer (Chapstick)

Schering-Plough (Coppertone)

Dial Corporation (Dial soap, Purex, Renzuit, Right Guard, Soft & Dri, Soft Scrub

S.C. Johnson (Drano, Fantastik, Glade, Nature's Source, Off, Pledge, Oust, Scrubbing Bubbles, Shout, Windex)

Elizabeth Arden

MARY KAY

WALGREENS

In the future, I will provide you with a list of companies that are Vegan and Cruelty-free. You can go to Peta's Beauty Without Bunnies section to find cruelty-free companies. Also, if you're unsure a company is Vegan or cruelty-free, check their website for the Cruelty-free logo (at right) or the Peta logo. You can also contact the company by email if they use animal derived ingredients in their products or if they test on animals.

However, I believe products are a waste of money, and can be substituted with healthy lifestyle choices. For example, you would not need cosmetics if you regularly sun-bathed, exercised, and ate a vegan diet.

Remember to read labels, ingredients, and be critical of the companies you are supporting. If a company is testing on animals or using animal derived ingredients, then they are supporting an industry of animal abuse, and you are too. It is best to avoid most products and large corporations because you do not want your hard-earned money going to a millionaire...
Check out my posts on living green, all-natural, and VEGAN here:

Basic Skin and Hair Needs & the Foods that Work

One way to be a green, earth-friendly chick (Part I)

One way to be a green, earth-friendly chick (Part II)

The Feminist's Diet & the Media still promotes unhealthy eating...

PLEASE CHECK OUT MY BLOG @ VEGANS LIVING OFF THE LAND. Original blog post:
Cruel Products (& Companies that test on ANIMALS)

DOGGIE COOKIES!

2013-01-11T12:25:12.000Z

Oatmeal Banana Cookies (inspired by this recipe)

2 cups rolled oats

3 large bananas

1 cup finely chopped dates

1/3 cup applesauce

1 teaspoon vanilla extract

Preheat oven to 350 degrees F; and mash the bananas in a large bowl. Stir in oats, dates, applesauce and vanilla. Mix well and let set for 15 minutes. Drop a tablespoonful onto a cookie sheet; and bake for 20 minutes or until brown.

I didn't have ripe bananas on hand, but luckily I had some frozen bananas. I also didn't have applesauce, but had apples. I peeled the apples and diced big chunks to boil in some water, for 20 minutes. After the apples cooked and cooled, I added them to the mixture along with the thawed bananas.

These cookies are so delicious and healthy, and they're a great snack for kids that have gluten intolerance.

Dr Andrew Knight, the world's top authority on vegan pet food interviewed by Vegusto UK

2012-10-03T20:09:44.000Z

Vegusto is a Swiss Vegan Company that specialises in mock meat and dairy products that wouldn't be too well accepted on this site but they also make vegan cat and dog food. They have made the inspired decision to interview Dr Andrew Knight, probably the world's highest authority on vegan pet food for cats and dogs.

There is one video for each question asked and they have all been collected here. I believe the videos cover all the common questions although the taurine issue for cats may have been missed out but that is easily enough explained.

Otherwise it is a very good introduction for novices and a good rebuttalling (yes that's probably a neologism) for naysayers. So just direct them to that place for ease of explanation.

Are these foods poisonous to dogs?

2012-06-27T10:03:28.000Z

In this video you will see two dogs eating (and it would seem clearly enjoying) a number of foods often considered poisonous to dogs including grapes, tomatoes and citrus.

I have often had the suspicion that these rumours have their origins in the vivisection laboratories. There are so many cases of vivisectionists taking animals and force feeding them nothing but one ingredient until they eventually develop some kind of health problem. In Australia the healthy leafy green comfrey is banned. One of the apparent reasons for this is that animal testers force fed rats nothing but comfrey until they developed some kind of liver problem. A kind of problem that would just be put down to bad luck with a human on a SAD diet.

A good principle to stick to is that the dose defines the poison, and that the stronger tasting the food the less liberal you should be with it. Feeding your dog nothing but tomatoes would clearly be extreme and you wouldn't be overly surprised if it resulted in problems. But wet vegan tinned food for dogs and cats, Benevo Duo contains both tomatoes and avocadoes (another fruit often deemed poisonous to dogs) and yet has proved widely successful.

In my opinion people should stop worrying about a grape or two and start paying more attention to the infinite reovltingness present in standard pet food products.

Personal experiences?

2012-06-18T02:37:36.000Z

Hi everyone!

I'm curious to know of anyone's personal experiences with their companion animals including how easy or hard it was to introduce them to the best form of nutrition.

Was it easy or hard?

How long did it take?

How were/are vet appointments (if any)?

Is/are your companion(s) just vegan or raw vegan?

useful resources

2012-06-17T18:37:39.000Z

here are some links the group may find useful:

http://www.30bananasaday.com/forum/topics/vegan-cats

http://www.30bananasaday.com/forum/topics/vegan-dogs

http://www.30bananasaday.com/group/30badinternetoutreachguerrillas/...

and this 'accumulation' in progress:

http://yourcybercourt.info/arveg/vegpets.html

all the above contain some very useful links too.

please add to this list.

in friendship,

prad

The Frugivore Diet

No kill flea treatment

Transitioning pets to a vegan diet

Whole Food Vegan Diet for Dog

Vegan dog with cancer - please help

Evolution Vegan Pet Food is being bullied — can anyone help?

I want to grow tropical oil palm fruits for vegan pet food production in Australia.

To supplement or not to supplement?

Animal Vegan Food Reviews

What about taurine in cats?

How do I keep my dog's pH acidic? - Also calcium question.

My dog is lame

Who here has vegan cat and what is your experience?

Does my chihuahua have food intolerance to vegan dog food?

Is raw carob okay for a cat to snack on?

Addicted to commercial dog food?

Can lions, tigers, snakes, crocodiles, etc., be vegan?

Raw vegan cats, is it possible?

Canine distemper! A dietary change could help?

Herbivorous "omnivores"

Cruel Products (& Companies that test on ANIMALS)

PLEASE CHECK OUT MY BLOG @ VEGANS LIVING OFF THE LAND. Original blog post: Cruel Products (& Companies that test on ANIMALS)

Basic Skin and Hair Needs & the Foods that Work

One way to be a green, earth-friendly chick (Part I)

One way to be a green, earth-friendly chick (Part II)

The Feminist's Diet & the Media still promotes unhealthy eating...

PLEASE CHECK OUT MY BLOG @ VEGANS LIVING OFF THE LAND. Original blog post: Cruel Products (& Companies that test on ANIMALS)

DOGGIE COOKIES!

Dr Andrew Knight, the world's top authority on vegan pet food interviewed by Vegusto UK

Are these foods poisonous to dogs?

Personal experiences?

useful resources

PLEASE CHECK OUT MY BLOG @ VEGANS LIVING OFF THE LAND. Original blog post:
Cruel Products (& Companies that test on ANIMALS)

PLEASE CHECK OUT MY BLOG @ VEGANS LIVING OFF THE LAND. Original blog post:
Cruel Products (& Companies that test on ANIMALS)